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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(4): 1564-1571, Dec. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040170

ABSTRACT

Las glándulas salivales humanas pueden ser gravemente lesionadas por la radioterapia utilizada contra neoplasias de cabeza y cuello, produciendo hiposialia y xerostomía, las cuales afectan la salud oral y sistémica, mermando la calidad de vida de la persona. Los tratamientos convencionales actuales están diseñados para disminuir los síntomas, sin actuar sobre los cambios fisiopatológicos que se dan a nivel glandular. Esta revisión intenta analizar aquellas terapias preventivas y/o curativas que están desarrollándose en el campo biomolecular y que tienen un futuro prometedor por sus características innovadoras: terapia génica, terapia con células madre y terapia con factores de crecimiento. Se evidencia un aporte adicional de la nanotecnología, la cual está mejorando las vías de aplicación de los tratamientos.


Human salivary glands can be seriously injured by the radiotherapy used against head and neck neoplasms, producing hyposialia and xerostomy, which affect oral and systemic health, diminishing the person's quality of life. Current conventional treatments are designed to reduce symptoms, without acting on the pathophysiological changes that occur at the glandular level. This review attempts to analyze those preventive and /or curative therapies that are developing in the biomolecular field and that have a promising future due to their innovative features: Gene therapy, stem cell therapy and growth factor therapy. An additional contribution of nanotechnology is evident, which is improving the routes of treatment application.


Subject(s)
Humans , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Salivary Gland Diseases/prevention & control , Stem Cells/physiology , Genetic Therapy/methods , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/therapeutic use , Radiation Injuries/prevention & control , Radiation-Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Salivary Gland Diseases/therapy , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Xerostomia/prevention & control , Nanotechnology
2.
CoDAS ; 30(3): e20170143, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952849

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar o efeito agudo da eletroestimulação sobre o fluxo salivar de pacientes com hipossalivação. Método Ensaio clínico não controlado que avaliou o efeito de uma única aplicação da Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) sobre o fluxo salivar de 15 pacientes com hipossalivação induzida por radioterapia (RT), utilizada no tratamento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 56,8 ± 6,46 anos e o gênero masculino foi predominante (73%). A TENS foi programada com 50Hz de frequência, 250μs de largura de pulso e a intensidade foi ajustada ao longo dos 20 minutos conforme máxima tolerância. Os eletrodos foram fixados bilateralmente sobre a região das glândulas salivares. A avaliação do fluxo salivar foi realizada por meio de sialometria estimulada, antes e imediatamente após a aplicação da TENS. Resultados Em 80% dos casos, o tratamento oncológico incluiu quimioterapia. A RT foi aplicada em 80% dos casos na região e orofaringe, com intensidade média de 64,6 ± 7,27 Gy. Após a TENS, o fluxo salivar aumentou significativamente (p = 0,0051), passando de 0,05 (0,00; 0,40) mL/min para 0,10 (0,07;0,40) mL/min. A resposta à TENS foi diretamente correlacionada à intensidade da corrente elétrica tolerada (r = 0,553; p = 0,032) e à dose utilizada na RT (r = -0,514; p = 0,050). Conclusão A TENS aumentou significativamente o fluxo salivar de pacientes com hipossalivação induzida pela RT.


ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the acute effect of electrostimulation on the salivary flow of patients with hyposalivation. Methods Uncontrolled clinical trial evaluating 15 patients with hyposalivation induced by radiotherapy (RT) used for head and neck cancer treatment. Mean age of the patients was 56.8 ± 6.46 years. Males outnumbered females (73%). Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) was adjusted with 50Hz of frequency and 250μs of pulse width. Intensity was adjusted over a 20-minute period according to maximum tolerance. The electrodes were attached bilaterally on the region of the salivary glands. Evaluation of the salivary flow was performed through sialometry before and immediately after application of TENS. Results The most prevalent region for RT was the oropharynx (80.0% of cases). The mean dose used in RT was 64.6 ± 7.27 Gy. After TENS, salivary flow increased significantly (p = 0.0051) from 0.05 (0.00; 0.40) mL/min to 0.10 (0.07: 0.40) mL/min. The response to TENS was directly correlated with the intensity of the tolerated electric current (r = 0.553; p = 0.032) and the dose used in RT (r = -0.514; p = 0.050). Conclusion TENS was able to increase the salivary flow rate of patients with RT-induced hyposalivation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Xerostomia/therapy , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation Dosage , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Saliva/metabolism , Salivation/radiation effects , Xerostomia/etiology , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated , Middle Aged
3.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(2): 153-157, abr. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745075

ABSTRACT

Background: The radioactive iodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer can produce severe and frequent salivary symptoms, during the treatment or later. Aim: To analyze the incidence, severity and charactheristics of the salivary signs and symptoms in these patients. Patients and Method: Retrospective and descriptive analisis of 106 patients with confirmed diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer, treated with surgery and radioactive iodine, that completed a telephonic survey for the evaluation of salivary symptoms. Results: 26 (24.52 percent) patients presented with salivary symptoms or signs after the radioactive iodine therapy (mean 5 months). The average doses of I 131 was 128,5 mCi. Xerostomy, pain, xeroftalmy, inflammation, sialoadenitis and dysgeusia, were the most frequent clinical symptoms. Conclusions: After radioactive iodine therapy the salivary symptoms and signs incidence is high. We conclude that the indication for this treatment must be selective, but in accordance with the oncological risk of each patient.


Introducción: El tratamiento con yodo radioactivo en el tratamiento del cáncer diferenciado de tiroides puede originar síntomas alejados de origen salival. Éstos pueden llegar a ser intensos y frecuentes. Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia, características e intensidad de dichos síntomas. Material y Método: Revisión retrospectiva y análisis descriptivo de 106 pacientes con diagnóstico definitivo y anatomopatológico de cáncer diferenciado de tiroides, tratados con yodo radioactivo, que contestaron una encuesta telefónica especialmente diseñada para evaluación de patología salival. Resultados: Veintiséis (24,52 por ciento) pacientes presentaron y consultaron por síntomas y/o signos alejados (promedio 5 meses) de la terapia ablativa, de origen salival. La dosis promedio fue de 128,5 mCi de I 131. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron xerostomía, dolor, xeroftalmia, inflamación, sialoadenitis y alteración del gusto. Discusión: La incidencia de signos y síntomas salivales alejados en pacientes tratados con I 131 es alta y justificaría a nuestro juicio su indicación selectiva, de acuerdo a los riesgos de recurrencia tumoral de cada paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Salivary Gland Diseases/epidemiology , Salivary Gland Diseases/etiology , Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Iodine Radioisotopes/adverse effects , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Iodine Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects
4.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 17(2): 163-167, Apr.-June 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670354

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapy (RT) of head and neck neoplasms often damages the salivary glands. AIM: To examine the pattern of morphologic changes resulting from RT of the head and neck region in minipig parotid glands in a clinical and experimental research setting. METHODS: Twelve 18-month-old male Brazilian minipigs weighing 30-40 kg were selected. Eight minipigs were assigned to the experimental group (group 1) and 4 to the control group (group 2). The RT was performed under general anesthesia at Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil, using an á/â ratio of 2.5. The minipigs from group 1 underwent 3 sessions of irradiation with Cobalt 60 of the head and neck, bilaterally, with 3 exposures of 8 Gy each at 7-day intervals for a total dose of 24 Gy. The animals were sacrificed 12 weeks post-RT. RESULTS: The irradiated parotid glands displayed reductions in the size and number of acini as well as loss of secretory granules. The presence of fibrosis and loss of parenchyma relative to non-irradiated glands were observed, with an average reduction in volume of 54%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that this model for parotid gland damage resulting from an RT regimen appears to be useful for preclinical large animal studies of RT-induced damage and testing novel potential treatment options. Although recent advances in radiation therapy, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, have reduced the dose and limited the field of radiation, considerable salivary gland injury still occurs and can greatly impact the patient's quality of life after cancer treatment.


Subject(s)
Animals , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Brazil , Swine, Miniature , Xerostomia
5.
J. appl. oral sci ; 19(5): 448-454, Sept.-Oct. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600844

ABSTRACT

Radiotherapy, alone or associated with surgery or chemotherapy, produces a significant increase in cure rates for many malignancies of the head and neck region. However, high doses of radiation in large areas, including the oral mucosa, may result in several undesired reactions that manifest during or after the completion of therapy. The multidisciplinary management is the best alternative to minimize or even prevent such reactions, and the dentist has a fundamental role in this context. This paper reviews the literature related to the main oral sequelae from head and neck radiotherapy and establishes clinical oral management protocol for these irradiated patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Mouth Mucosa/radiation effects , Oral Health/standards , Radiation Injuries/complications , Dental Caries/etiology , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Radiation Injuries/therapy , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Trismus/etiology
6.
Braz. oral res ; 25(2): 180-185, Mar.-Apr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-583854

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in minimizing the severity of radiation-induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer. A total of 24 consecutive patients receiving > 5000 cGy radiotherapy (RT) involving the major salivary glands bilaterally were assigned to either the preventive acupuncture group (PA, n = 12), treated with acupuncture before and during RT, or the control group (CT, n = 12), treated with RT and not receiving acupuncture. After RT completion, clinical response was assessed in all patients by syalometry, measuring the resting (RSFR) and stimulated (SSFR) salivary flow rates, and by the visual analogue scale (VAS) regarding dry mouth-related symptoms. Statistical analyses were performed with repeated-measures using a mixed-effect modeling procedure and analysis of variance. An alpha level of 0.05 was accepted for statistical significance. Although all patients exhibited some degree of impairment in salivary gland functioning after RT, significant differences were found between the groups. Patients in the PA group showed improved salivary flow rates (RSFR, SSFR; p < 0.001) and decreased xerostomia-related symptoms (VAS, p < 0.05) compared with patients in the CT group. Although PA treatment did not prevent the oral sequelae of RT completely, it significantly minimized the severity of radiation-induced xerostomia. The results suggest that acupuncture focused in a preventive approach can be a useful therapy in the management of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing RT.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Xerostomia/prevention & control , Analysis of Variance , Radiation Injuries/prevention & control , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Surveys and Questionnaires , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Salivation/radiation effects , Treatment Outcome
7.
São Paulo; s.n; 2009. 103 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Inca | ID: lil-553373

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A saliva exerce funções fundamentais para a manutenção da função oral. Alterações qualitativas ou quantitativas na saliva interferem diretamente nas funções exercidas pela mesma na manutenção da saúde oral e funções como fala, mastigação e deglutição... Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos colaterais tardios da iodoterapia sobre as glândulas salivares e seu impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos a esta terapia, e investigar a eficácia da amifostina como protetor das glândulas salivares aos efeitos deletérios da iodoterapia. Metodologia: Cintilografia de glândulas salivares, sialometria e aplicação do questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Universidade de Washington e algumas questões elaboradas pelos pesquisadores foram utilizadas para avaliar tanto os efeitos tardios como o efeito protetor da amifostina aos danos associados a iodoterapia. Resultados: Em relação aos efeitos colaterais tardios da iodoterapia verificamos que a idade é um fator importante na função das glândulas salivares, onde pacientes acima de 45 anos apresentam fluxo salivar não-estimulado e estimulado menores, mas que pacientes submetidos a iodoterapia apresentam uma dificuldade de eliminação concentrada principalmente em parótidas verificada tanto por cintilografia das glândulas salivares como por sialometria... Conclusão: O presente estudo reforça teoria de que o principal efeito do 131I sobre as glândulas salivares resulta em uma dificuldade de eliminação da saliva produzida em quantidades normais por uma constrição ductal devido a fibrose periductal induzida pela radiação. Além disso, estas alterações causam impacto na qualidade de vida e queixas acentuadas relacionadas à deglutição... A administração da amifostina, um medicamento com efeito adverso de hipotensão potencial, em pacientes em estado de hipotireoidismo deve ser realizada com cautela, visto que estes pacientes apresentam dificuldade de compensão da pressão diastólica.


Introduction: Saliva plays important functions in maintaining oral functions Qualitative or quantitative saliva alterations can impact on functions as oral health maintainance, speeking, chewing and swallowing functions. The salivary glands are able to concentrate iodine and the 131I passing through salivary ducts, during radioiodine therapy, results as salivar alterations after treatment due to emission of radiotion by iodine. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the late side effects of radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) on salivary glands and its impact on quality of life of these patients, and to investigate the efficacy of amifostine as salivary gland protector to iodine side effects. Methods: Salivary gland scintigraphy, sialometry and the questionnaire of University of Washington Quality of Life and some questions designed by the researches were used to evaluate the late side effects and the protector efficacy of amifostine to salivary gland damage associated to RIT. Reults: About late side effects of RIT, the age was an important factor in the function of salivary glands, with patients older 45 years having a descreased unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow. Patients submitted to RIT have more difficulty to eliminate saliva, mainly from parotids, verified by salivary gland scintigraphy and sialometry. In relation to quality of life, doses of iodine higher than 150 mCi have impact in salivary functions as speech, chewing and swallowing. Evaluating the protective effect of amifostine on late effects of RIT on salivary glands, it was not verified the efficacy of this drug, with serious side effects associated to endovenous via of administration. Conclusion: The present study reinforce the theory that the main effect of 131I on salivary glands results in difficulty to eliminate the saliva produced, in normal quantities, by a ductal constriction due to periductal fibrosis induced by radiation. Besides that, these alterations have impact on quality of life and severe complaints related to swallowing. The amifostine was not able to prevent side effects of RIT on salivary glands in the present study. The amifostine administration, a drug with known hipotensive effect, in patients withdraw thyroid hormone must be done carefully, since these patients have difficulty to compensate the diastolic blood pressure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Amifostine , Salivary Glands , Iodine , Thyroid Neoplasms , Sialadenitis , Xerostomia , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Quality of Life
8.
Braz. oral res ; 21(3): 272-277, 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-458602

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral sequelae of radiotherapy in patients treated between 1999 and 2003 for head and neck tumors. One-hundred patients (24 women, 76 men) ranging in age from 30 to 83 years (mean 59.2 years) were examined. Time since radiotherapy ranged from 1 to 72 months (mean 28 months). The total mean radiation dose received by the patients was 5,955 cGy. The evaluation protocol included anamnesis, intraoral and extraoral examination, measurement of stimulated salivary flow and salivary pH. Symptoms reported by the patients included dry mouth (68 percent), dysphagia (38 percent), and dysgeusia (30 percent). In 64 percent of the patients, the mean stimulated salivary flow rate was less than 0.7 ml/min. The mean salivary pH was 6.97 (± 0.714). Stimulated salivary flow increased with increasing postradiotherapy time (p < 0.05). The prevalence of mucositis was associated with higher radiation doses (p < 0.05), and the prevalence of atrophic candidiasis was related to a longer post-treatment period (p < 0.05). Two cases of recurrence of the primary tumor were detected during the study. The main effect of radiotheraphy in the head and neck region was a reduction of the salivary flow rate, even though our study demonstrated that there was a modest late improvement of the salivary flow.


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as seqüelas bucais provocadas pela radioterapia em pacientes com neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço, tratados entre 1999 e 2003. Foram examinados 100 pacientes (24 mulheres e 76 homens), com idades entre 30 e 83 anos (média de 59,2 anos). O tempo desde a radioterapia variou de 1 a 72 meses (média de 28 meses). A média da dose total de radiação recebida pelos pacientes foi de 5.955 cGy. O protocolo de avaliação consistiu de anamnese, exame físico, aferição do fluxo salivar estimulado e pHmetria da saliva. Os sintomas referidos foram boca seca (68 por cento), disfagia (38 por cento) e disgeusia (30 por cento). Em 64 por cento dos indivíduos o valor médio do fluxo salivar estimulado esteve abaixo de 0.7 ml/min. O pH médio da amostra foi de 6.97 (± 0.714). O fluxo estimulado e a ocorrência de candidíase atrófica aumentaram conforme o aumento do tempo pós-radioterapia (p < 0.05). A ocorrência de mucosite esteve associada a maiores doses de radiação (p < 0.05). Dois casos de segundo tumor primário foram diagnosticados. O principal efeito da radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço foi a redução do fluxo salivar, apesar de nosso estudo ter demonstrado que há uma melhora tardia do fluxo salivar.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cranial Irradiation/adverse effects , Mouth Mucosa/radiation effects , Salivation/radiation effects , Xerostomia/etiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Linear Models , Osteoradionecrosis/etiology , Secretory Rate , Saliva , Salivary Glands/radiation effects
9.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-44882

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Amifostine has a potential role for salivary gland protection in head and neck cancer patients who had radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixty-seven head and neck cancer patients were randomized to receive radiotherapy or radiotherapy plus Amifostine. The efficacy of the treatment was determined by a questionnaire evaluating dryness of mouth and the oral comfort, the RTOG/EORTC acute/late radiation morbidity scoring criteria, collection of the whole saliva and the 99mTc-pertecnetate scintigraphy of the salivary glands. RESULTS: Amifostine significantly reduced the mean questionnaire scores from 6.49 to 3.73, the incidence of grade > or = 2 mucositis from 75% to 36% and acute xerostomia from 82% to 39%. The salivary gland function returned to normal at a rate of 36.3% in the Amifostine group versus 9.1% in the control group. CONCLUSION: Amifostine is effective in reducing the incidence and severity of acute mucositis, acute and late xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Amifostine/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radiation Injuries/prevention & control , Radiation-Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Statistics, Nonparametric
11.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 50(2): 103-108, abr.-jun. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-441208

ABSTRACT

A prevenção e o diagnóstico precoces são atualmente, as medidas mais eficazes de que dispomos para melhorar oprognóstico dos tumores malignos. Os tumores de boca e orofaringe são tratados com sucesso quando descobertosprecocemente. A radioterapia é quase sempre um dos tratamentos de eleição para estes tumores. Quando asneoplasias são diagnosticadas em estádios mais avançados, o tratamento muitas vezes necessita ser mais rápidopara ser eficiente, e com isso os radioterapeutas lançam mão do hiperfracionamento, no qual o paciente recebeduas doses diárias de radiação, com dose diária menor por fração, mas maior ao dia, ficando em cerca de 160cGy/2x/dia. Quando as glândulas salivares maiores estão presentes no campo irradiado, a xerostomia torna-se presentejá na segunda semana de tratamento (1500 a 2000 cGy), alterando a saúde geral do paciente, que fica comdificuldade para se alimentar, falar e dormir. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações quantitativas do fluxosalivar total não estimulado de pacientes que se submetem ao hiperfracionamento para tratamento de carcinomaespinocelular de boca e orofaringe. Foram avaliadas as amostras de saliva de doze pacientes do Hospital ErastoGaertner, de Curitiba, Paraná, pacientes esses do sexo masculino. Foram coletadas duas amostras de saliva, aprimeira antes da radioterapia e a segunda, ao término do tratamento.Como resultado, obtivemos perda salivar em 91,7 por cento dos pacientes, com uma porcentagem de perda de fluxosalivar total de 62,9 por cento, registrada na segunda coleta. Concluindo, o hiperfracionamento ocasiona xerostomiabastante acentuada quando as glândulas salivares maiores encontram-se presentes no campo irradiado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Mouth Neoplasms , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy , Xerostomia , Radiotherapy Dosage
12.
Braz. oral res ; 18(1): 69-74, jan.-mar. 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-362054

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliados alguns aspectos clínicos e algumas propriedades bioquímicas salivares de 21 pacientes, antes e após o tratamento radioterápico para câncer de cabeça e pescoço (grupo experimental) e de 21 pacientes sem câncer (grupo controle). O fluxo salivar foi avaliado pelo tempo necessário (segundos) para produção estimulada de 2 ml de saliva e a capacidade tamponante determinada frente à utilização de um método colorimétrico simples. A concentração de proteína total salivar foi determinada pelo método de Bradford4. A atividade da amilase foi mensurada através dos açúcares redutores liberados e quantificados pelo método do ácido dinitrossalicílico utilizando a glicose como substrato. O perfil eletroforético foi avaliado em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE 12%) para amostras salivares contendo 5 mg de proteína. Foi observada, no grupo experimental, redução estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,01) para o fluxo salivar (162,47 s ± 28,30 antes e 568,71 s ± 79,75 após) e para a capacidade tamponante (pH 5,45 ± 0,14 antes e 4,40 ± 0,15 após). Não foi observada alteração estatisticamente significativa na concentração de proteína. A atividade específica da a-amilase foi significativamente diminuída (p < 0,01) (856,6 ng/mg ± 88,0 antes e 567,0 ng/mg ± 120,6 após). No perfil eletroforético, foram observadas diferenças nas bandas protéicas, principalmente na faixa de peso molecular de 72.000 a 55.000 Da. Clinicamente, os pacientes com xerostomia induzida pela radioterapia apresentaram aumento de lesões na mucosa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amylases/metabolism , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Saliva/chemistry , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/analysis , Xerostomia/metabolism , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Saliva , Salivary Glands/chemistry , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Salivation/physiology
14.
Rev. odonto ciênc ; 16(33): 156-165, maio-ago. 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-308165

ABSTRACT

Radioterapia é a modalidade terapêutica que utiliza as radiaçöes ionizantes com o objetivo de destruir as células neoplásicas visando uma reduçäo ou desaparecimento da neoplasia maligna. Convêm salientar que este tipo de tratamento , quando aplicado na região da cabeça e do pescoço, dependendo da dose de irradiaçäo, tempo e volume do tratamento, dose de distribuiçäo e uso concomitante de outras terapias, pode produzir alteraçöes reversíveis e irreversíveis nos tecidos. Os efeitos deletérios causados pela radioterapia considerados de relevância para o cirurgiäo-dentista säo aqueles que ocorrem nas glândulas salivares, ossos, dentes, mucosas da boca, músculos e articulaçöes que combinam a perda de células e o dano na vascularizaçäo local. A proposta deste trabalho consiste em apresentar uma revisäo do uso da radioterapia para o tratamento das neoplasias malignas sediadas na regiäo da cabeça e pescoço, com especial mençäo aos efeitos que estas causam aos tecidos da cavidade bucal e que o cirurgiäo-dentista precisa conhecer


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tooth , Mouth Neoplasms , Mouth Mucosa , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy
15.
Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2001; (14-15): 11-20
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-56916

ABSTRACT

Radioisotope scanning is the best method for objective assessment of salivary gland function. Thus, it was used in a randomized trial of concomitant pilocarpine for assessment of radiation-induced xerostomia, in addition to subjective evaluation by an approved questionnaire and objective standard xerostomia grading. Patients randomized in placebo-controlled trial of pilocarpine concurrent with irradiation for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia were evaluated by salivary gland scintigraphy immediately before and 6 months after the end of head and neck radiotherapy. Salivary gland function was measured by ejection fraction [EF] of Technetium-99m pertechnetate. The mean values for pre and post-radiotherapy scans were calculated and compared. Also post-radiotherapy scan findings in the two groups of pilocarpine and placebo were compared using the student's t-test. In addition, comparison was made between the scan results and the subjective findings and objective gradings. Twenty patients underwent the pre-radiotherapy salivary scintigraphy, and also 20 post-radiotherapy scans were performed. Mean parotid EF was 60.85% in the pre-radiotherapy and 9.08% in the post-radiotherapy scans [P<0.01]. The means for submandibular glands in the pre and post-radiotherapy scans were 41% and 11.2%, respectively [P<0.01]. Also the mean EF was 14.5% in the pilocarpine group and 3.65 in the placebo group for parotid glands [P=0.07] and 18.3% and 4.1% respectively for submandibular glands [P<0.05]. The salivary scans confirmed the subjective and objective xerostomia findings. Salivary gland scintigraphy is a valuable method for evaluation of xerostomia after head and neck radiotherapy, quantitatively demonstrating the protective effect of pilocarpine compared to placebo on salivary glands


Subject(s)
Humans , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Salivary Glands/physiology , Salivary Glands/diagnostic imaging , Pilocarpine , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Radiation Effects , Radionuclide Imaging
16.
Porto Alegre; s.n; 1999. 205 p. ilus, tab, graf. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-366110

ABSTRACT

Os danos provocados pela radiações ionizantes ao funcionamento das glândulas salivares são reconhecidos háquase 90 anos. Os mecanismos responsáveis pela destruição do parêquina da glândula ainda permanecem incertos, no entanto, a saliva manifesta alterações de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa que refletem na qualidade de vida do indivíduo irradiado. A proposta deste estudo foi verificar as alterações icorridas no fluxodo pH e na composição orgânica e ionorgânica da saliva humana durante e após um protocolo padronizado de radioterapia na região da cabeça e pescoço. Amostras de saliva foi totalmente estimulada de um grupo de indivíduos foram, então, coletadas ante, durante e por até 6 meses depois do tratamento radioterápico. O fluxo, pH e as concentrações de fosfato, calcio, sódio, magnésio, potássio, ferro, tiocianato, cloretos, amilase, proteínas totais, creatinina, uréia, ácido úrico, lactato, colesterol e glicose da saliva foram analisadas. Esta mesma avaliação sialométrica e sialoquímica foi realizada num grupo de indivíduos saudáveis e noutro representado por pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna na região da cabeça e do pescoço ainda não submetido a qualquer intervenção terapeutica. Os efeitos da radiação sobre a saliva já puderam ser demonstrados após os indivíduos receberaem a dose de 15 Gy. O fluxo salivar sofreu uma redução significativa de 50 por cento durante o tratamento (15 Gy) e diminuiu em cerca de 79 porcento aos seis meses do pós-tratamento (p<0,05). O pH da saliva também baixou de 7,6 para 6,8 ao final do tratamento radioterápico (p<0,05). Já as concentrações de calcio, sódio, potássio, cloretos e magnésio elevaram-se significativamente, enquanto que a concentração de fosfato diminui (p<0,05). Os componentes orgãnicos da saliva não manifestaram mudanças significativas. Toda esta série de modificações ocorridas na parte orgânica e aquosa da saliva dos indivíduos irradiados demonstram que esta secreção, embora, mais concentrads do que a saliva de indivíduos saudáveis, não desempenham as suas funções normais. Sendo assim, todos os indivíuos submetidos a radioterapia na região da cabeça e pescoço por campos paralelos, opostos e laterais, cujas glândulas salivares estejam incluídas na área tratada, requerem um planejamento sistemático de cuidados odontológicos que devem ter início antes da radioterapia, mantido durante o tratamento e continuado para o resto de sua vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Salivary Glands/chemistry , Mouth Neoplasms , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy , Xerostomia
17.
New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The]. 1993; 9 (1): 203-7
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-29991

ABSTRACT

Radiotherapy have direct effect on the head and neck tumors and indirect harmful effect on the adjacent salivary glands which reflects on salivary secretion and composition. This study was performed on 20 old patients and 10 volunteers [control group 1]. The patients divided into two groups: Prospective [group 2] and retrospective [group 3]. The concentrations of the salivary inorganic electrolytes were measured. The results revealed that the level of sodium ion is the only salivary electrolytes that elevate in group 2. The remaining salivary electrolytes [K, Mg and Ca] concentrations were nearly similar to that of control group


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Salivary Glands/radiation effects
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